Governing Land Legacy Issues: An Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Perspective on the Jatigede Dam

Abstract

The Jatigede Dam, first conceived in the Dutch colonial era and formally advanced in 1963, was completed only in 2015 after a 52-year development process. This prolonged land acquisition phase gave rise to Land Legacy Issues (LLIs). Using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, this study examines the institutional dynamics and strategies used to address these issues across three action situations: compensation (A1), relocation (A2), and the cultural heritage debate (A3). Data were gathered through literature review and interviews with BBWS (the project initiator), affected communities, and relevant institutions. Findings show that formal actors dominated all action arenas, creating power asymmetries and limiting community participation. The prevailing rules-in-use reflected a technocratic, administrative logic that marginalized local norms and customary practices, generating friction between state-led governance and community values. These impacts can be minimized through corrective action, particularly by optimizing the complaint-handling mechanism established under Sumedang Regent Decree No. 400/KEP.418-HUK/2019.

References

Abdulloh, A., Engkus, E., & Heldi, H. (2020). IMplementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Waduk Jati Gede Terhadap Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat di Kecamatan Jati Gede Kabupaten Sumedang (Studi Pada Dinas Yang Membidangi Pasar di Kabupaten/Kota Wilayah Metropolitan Bandung). Jurnal Neo Politiea, 1(No 1), 62–28.

Adekola, O., Krigsholm, P., & Riekkinen, K. (2023). Adapted institutional analysis and development framework for understanding customary land institutions in sub-Saharan Africa-A case study from Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106691

Angelina, A., & Jamilah, L. (2017). Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah dalam Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede di Kabupaten Sumedang Dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum. Prosiding Ilmu Hukum, 414–419.

Arofah, E., Nazsir, N., & Hanapiah, P. (2015). Strategi Pemecahan Masalah Konflik Sosial Akibat Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 1(2), 301–321.

Asian Development Bank. (2009). Safeguard Policy Statement | Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/who-we-are/environmental-social-requirements/safeguard-policy-statement

Asmara, T. (2022). Pragmatic and Progressive Legal Practice: Ethnographic Case Study of Jatigede Reservoir. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 22(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2022.22.1.3079

Bayu, D. J. (2018, October). Pembangunan Waduk Kedung Ombo Mewariskan Kemiskinan Menahun - Nasional Katadata.co.id. Katadata.Com. https://katadata.co.id/berita/nasional/5e9a55bd05e48/pembangunan-waduk-kedung-ombo-mewariskan-kemiskinan-menahun

Beck, M. W., Andrea H., C., & and Hundt, P. J. (2012). Environmental and livelihood impacts of dams: common lessons across development gradients that challenge sustainability. International Journal of River Basin Management, 10(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2012.656133

Caesario, E. B. (2015). Dirjen Sumber Daya Air: Penanganan Dampak Sosial Jatigede Terbaik Se-Indonesia. Ekonomi.Bisnis.Com. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20150913/45/471919/dirjen-sumber-daya-air-penanganan-dampak-sosial-jatigede-terbaik-se-indonesia

Castro-Diaz, L., García, M. A., Villamayor-Tomas, S., & Lopez, M. C. (2023). Impacts of hydropower development on locals’ livelihoods in the Global South. World Development, 169, 106285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106285

CDC Group UK, & KFW DEG. (2016). A guidance note on managing legacy land issues in agribusiness investments.

Cotula, L., & Berger, T. (2016). Legacy land issues Addressing historical disputes in agribusiness investments. moz-extension://92061d3d-7c69-0c48-877a-35cc2827ece3/enhanced-reader.html?openApp&pdf=https%3A%2F%2Flandportal.org%2Fsites%2Flandportal.info%2Ffiles%2FLegacy%2520land%2520issues%2520briefing.pdf

Cotula, L., Berger, T., & Sutz, P. (2016). Legacy land issues Addressing historical disputes in agribusiness investments. A LEGEND Analytical Paper (Issue May).

Deininger, K., Selod, H., WB, & Burns, A. (2010). The Land Governance Assessment Framework: Identifying and monitoring good practices in the land sector. Agriculture and rural development series. (Issue 2012). http://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9780821387580

Direktorat Jendral Sumberdaya Air, K. P. U. (2015, September). Waduk Jatigede, Waduk Terbesar Kedua di Indonesia - Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air. https://sda.pu.go.id/post/detail/waduk_jatigede_waduk_terbesar_kedua_di_indonesia

Fatoni, A., Hanif, M., Wibowo, M. A., & D.H, J. U. (2013). Analisa Eskalasi Biaya pada Proyek Iinfrastruktur Tahun Jamak (Studi Kasus : Proyek Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede dan Proyek Pembangunan Waduk Jatibarang). Jurnal Karya Teknik Sipil, 2(2), 264–273. https://doi.org/10.2/JQUERY.MIN.JS

Fianda, A. Y. A., Melati, A. R., Sari, S. L., & Rivaldi, D. (2023). Polemik Waduk Jatigede: Bagaimana Peran Politik Dalam Kompensasi Relokasi Masyarakat Di Sumedang? March.

Gebreyes, M., Bazzana, D., Simonetto, A., Müller-Mahn, D., Zaitchik, B., Gilioli, G., & Simane, B. (2020). Local perceptions of water-energy-food security: livelihood consequences of dam construction in Ethiopia. Sustainability, 12(6), 2161.

Harahap, J. (2016). Waduk Jatigede: Microfinance, Rich And Poor, Poverty And Local Wisdom. 35–39. https://doi.org/10.2991/imm-16.2016.6

Kariko, M. E. (2009). Factors Contributing To Illegal Occupation And Developments On Alienated Public Land For Road Corridors In Kenya: The Case O F Nairobi Northern Bypass. University Of Nairobi.

Makmur K, A., Purnama, Y., Budiman, H. G., Harsono, T. D., S, R. A., Roswandi, I., Merlina, N., & Gufron, A. (2014). Kajian nilai budaya jatigede di Kabupaten Sumedang. 212.

Mardiani, N., & Hindersah, H. (2017). Prosiding Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Waduk Jatigede di Desa Pakualam Kecamatan Darmaraja-Kabupaten Sumedang Ecotourism Development Strategy of Jatigede Dam at Pakualam Village. Prosiding Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 118–125.

Minardi, R. (2019). The Impacts on Livelihoods and Social Capital from Dam-Induced Resettlement: A Global Review. Michigan State University.

Ministry of Public Work and Housing Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Ministry of Public Work and Housing Regional Infrastructure Development Agency Indonesia Tourism Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework.

Moran, E. F., Lopez, M. C., Moore, N., Müller, N., & Hyndman, D. W. (2018). Sustainable hydropower in the 21st century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(47), 11891–11898.

Mustika, W., & Asyiawati, Y. (2017). Kajian Identifikasi Dampak Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat dari Produksi Padi di Kawasan Waduk Jatigede. Prosiding Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 0(0), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.29313/PWK.V0I0.6070

Opan S.Suwartapradja. (2005). Konflik Sosial (Kasus Pada Pembangunan Bendungan Waduk Jatigede di Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat) (Issue 593).

Palmer, D., Fricska, S., & Wehrmann, B. (2009). Towards improved land governance. Food And, 781.

Pangesti, S. F. (2023). Dampak pembangunan Waduk Jatigede dalam perubahan sosial ekonomi masyarakat : Penelitian di Desa Tarunajaya, Kecamatan Darmaraja.

Polski, M. M., & Ostrom, E. (1999). An institutional framework for policy analysis and design. 1999.

Prastica, R. M. S. (2023). Segudang kerugian lingkungan pembangunan bendungan di Indonesia dan cara mengatasinya. The Conversation.Com. https://theconversation.com/segudang-kerugian-lingkungan-pembangunan-bendungan-di-indonesia-dan-cara-mengatasinya-215819

Purnama, Y. (2015). Dampak Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Budaya Masyarakatnya. Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah Dan Budaya, 7(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.30959/PATANJALA.V7I1.89

Putu, L., Dewi, S., Noak, A., Sagung, A. A., Mahaswari, M., & Mertha, J. (2022). Analisis Konflik Ekologi Politik dalam Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede. Jurnal Ilmu Politik.

Quan, J. (2019). Findings And Key Lessons From Legend’s Work On Responsible Land Investment Meeting of LEGEND partners with the CFS private sector mechanism FAO, Rome.

Rachmawan, D. (2015). Pola Eskalasi Konflik Pembangunan Infrastruktur: Studi Kasus Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede Kabupaten Sumedang. Jurnal Sosiologi : Masyarakat, 20(No 2), 193–212. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjshttps://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjs/vol20/iss2/4

Rother, E. T. (2007). Systematic literature review X narrative review. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 20, v–vi.

Schmutz, S., & Moog, O. (2018). Dams: Ecological Impacts and Management. Riverine Ecosystem Management, 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73250-3_6

Setianto, S. (2014). Social Conflict In Infrastructure Development Case Study Jati Gede Dam. Jurnal Sosek Pekerjaan Umum, 6(3), 140–221.

Simanjuntak, D. F., & Mahida, M. (2015). Dampak kebijakan dalam pembangunan Waduk Jatigede. Jurnal Sosek Pekerjaan Umum, 7(3), 161–171.

Smyth, E., & Steyn, M. (2015). Land acquisition and resettlement: Lessons learned.

Sonya, E. R., Suwartapradja, O. S., & Soemarwoto, R. S. (2019). Pola Adaptasi Mayarakat Terdampak Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede Setelah Penggenangan: Studi Kasus Di Desa Pawenang Kecamatan Jatinunggal Kabupaten Sumedang. PAPATUNG: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 2(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.54783/japp.v2i2.6

Sukhera, J. (2022). Narrative reviews: flexible, rigorous, and practical. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 14(4), 414–417.

Suntoro, A. (2018). Kajian Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 2 TAhun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum.

Supriatin, Y. M. (2010). Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede dan Mitos-mitosnya dalam Sastra Lisan Sunda. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 9(20), 875–882. https://www.neliti.com/publications/41651/

Suwartapradja, O. S. (2005). KONFLIK SOSIAL (Kasus Pada Pembangunan Bendungan Waduk Jatigede di Kabupaten Sumedang Jawa Barat. In Makalah Seminar Kebudayaan Indonesia-Malaysia IX UNPAD-UKM (pp. 1–20).

Suwartapradja, O. S., Fujikura, R., Sunardi, S., & Fu, R. H. Y. (2019). Resettlement Caused by Jatigede Dam Project -Consequence of Long Delayed Implementation of a Project. In Journal of Asian Development (Vol. 5, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5296/jad.v5i1.14422

The Interlaken Group and Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI). (2017). Land Legacy Issues : Guidance on Corporate Responsibility (Issue September). RRG, Indufor North America.

Wahidah, I., Ningrum, S., & Buchari, R. A. (2019). Inefisiensi Pengadaan Tanah untuk Kepentingan Umum Inefficiency of Land Procurement for Public Interest. 1(1), 51–71.

Wang, P. (2012). Social Impact Analysis Of Large Dams: A Case Study Of Cascading Dams On The Upper-Mekong River, China.

Wijayanto, V., Suwartapradja, O. S., & Hermawati, R. (2019). Perubahan Mata Pencaharian dan Proses Adaptasi Warga Terkena Dampak Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede. Umbara, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/UMBARA.V2I2.20446

Wiles, R., Crow, G., & Pain, H. (2011). Innovation in qualitative research methods: A narrative review. Qualitative Research, 11(5), 587–604.

World Bank. (2016). Environmental and Social Policies. https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-policies

Yankson, P. W. K., Asiedu, A. B., Owusu, K., Urban, F., & Siciliano, G. (2018). The livelihood challenges of resettled communities of the Bui dam project in Ghana and the role of Chinese dam‐builders. Development Policy Review, 36, O476–O494.

Yi, Y., Yang, Z., & Zhang, S. (2010). Ecological influence of dam construction and river-lake connectivity on migration fish habitat in the Yangtze River basin, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 1942–1954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.207

Zakaria, M. M. (2008). Jatigede Dalam Tinjauan Sejarah dan Budaya. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung.