The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning

From Evidence to Impact: Strengthening Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development

Jonatan Lassa — 2025-12-31

Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Universiti Malaya Students’ Intent to Participate in Sustainability Initiatives

Nur Ainin Sofea Mohd Huzer — 2025-12-30

As universities increasingly implement sustainable practices, student engagement in pro-environmental behavior is crucial for establishing a lasting sustainable culture. While the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is extensively utilized in environmental research, there is a gap in understanding student participation in university sustainability initiatives in Malaysia. This study aims to investigate the gap by analyzing student intention to participate, based on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Data were acquired from 381 respondents via internet platforms and were then analyzed using statistical analysis. Results indicate no significant correlation between attitude and intention to participate. Nonetheless, subjective standard and perceived behavioral control substantially impacted intention. Additionally, gender and study background show a significant difference in intention. These findings indicate that the impact of society and perceived competence significantly impacts student participation, providing an opportunity for universities to focus on designing effective sustainability programs.

Assessment of the Technical, Social and Economic Factors Affecting Poultry Farmer’s Production

Damian Boniface Sambuo — 2025-12-30

Agriculture is one of the major pillars of Tanzania's economy. Demand for poultry meat and eggs in Tanzania is still very high. Despite its significance, the livestock sector contributes only 7% to Tanzania's gross domestic product (GDP), with poultry representing a mere 1.8%. Guided by Neoclassical Theory of Production, the study assessed the technical and social economic determinants of poultry production in Hai District in Tanzania. Inferential and descriptive statistics were employed to analyse data from 218 smallholder poultry producers. The study found that primary reason for the households opting poultry farming because it is a reliable source of income. Increased feed expenses is an economic factor found diminishes profitability, prompting producers to lower expenditures on poultry health management, adversely affecting the quality of/and poultry production. The technical factor was veterinarians skilled in disease management, nutrition, and feeding strategies for poultry. The study concludes that the availability of resources, such as water, and the financial status of farmers have a significant impact on production efficiency and outcomes. Also, the study concludes that effective utilization of veterinary services, appropriate stocking densities, and optimized poultry systems (broilers versus layers) are critical for increasing productivity. The study therefore recommends that poultry producers prioritize frequent veterinary check-ups and make use of professional veterinary services for disease control. Furthermore, the study recommends poultry stakeholders and policymakers to establish and finance ongoing training initiatives for poultry farmers regarding modern poultry management practices.

Decentralisation and Distribution: A Multi-Dimensional Taxonomy of Indonesian Districts

Dharendra Wardhana — 2025-12-30

Indonesia’s fiscal decentralisation devolves expenditure authority to districts, yet heavy reliance on central transfers and persistent spatial disparities indicate that a single, formula-based approach is ill-equipped to address heterogeneous needs. This study develops a multidimensional taxonomy of 403 districts, drawing on the World Bank’s INDO-DAPOER dataset and audit indicators, and applies hierarchical clustering. This study identifies four distinct clusters that differ systematically in structural transformation, human evelopment, local governance and autonomy. ANOVA confirms significant between-cluster differences, with population size, health and social protection expenditures exhibiting the strongest discriminating power. Policy-relevant profiles emerge: Cluster 1 concentrates poverty and weak governance yet depends most on transfers; Cluster 2 is agriculture-dependent with infrastructure emphasis; Cluster 3 is densely populated with strong human capital but limited fiscal capacity; Cluster 4 is economically advanced, least transfer-dependent but with room to improve governance. Findings inform targeted transfer design—combining performance-based incentives, differentiated sectoral allocations and capacity support—advancing decentralisation objectives by aligning resources to cluster-specific needs and strengthening accountability, local matching and service delivery.

Fiscal Strategy for Local Food Resilience: Empirical Evidence from East Java 2018-2024

Satya Laksana — 2025-12-30

This research examines the influence of fiscal capacity and regional spending on food security across 38 regencies/cities in East Java from 2018 to 2024. Capital expenditures in the economy, health, education, and housing sectors are analyzed as these functions shape key determinants of food resilience. Using panel data with fixed effects and mean group estimators, the study evaluates both contemporaneous and lagged effects on the Regional Food Security Index (IKPD). Results show that fiscal capacity and health-sector capital expenditure consistently strengthened food security, indicating the central role of health infrastructure and personnel. In contrast, spending on the economic, education, and housing sectors showed inconsistent impacts, suggesting limited targeting of food-related outcomes. Structural factors—such as access to clean water, women’s education, and the availability of health personnel—also significantly shaped IKPD performance. These findings highlight the need for adaptive, evidence-based fiscal policies tailored to local contexts to guide the 2025–2029 mid-term regional development planning.

Climate Smart Agriculture Sustainability: A Multidimensional Assessment

Aryyana Hasyim — 2025-12-30

Indonesia has a serious problem of climate change that impacts the production of rice in the country, particularly in the climate-sensitive areas of Lombok Tengah. To alleviate the risks of these, the government promotes Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), which is not commonly practiced. The paper uses the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) technique of measuring the sustainability of CSA implementation by applying the Rap-CSA method. This method measures five dimensions of sustainability: ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional. A structured questionnaire was administered in the local language to 75 farmers who participated in field trials at the CSA demonstration sites. These findings demonstrate that three dimensions, including social (79.90%), ecological (75.02%), and institutional (79.73%), are very sustainable. Conversely, the technological (55.75%) and economic (39.33%) performance is moderate and less sustainable, respectively. The sustainability index of CSA has a total mark of 66.14, which is average. The findings imply that economic and technological factors need to be altered to facilitate the implementation of CSA with a more balanced, robust orientation.

Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Certified Extension Rice Seed Production within the Framework of Sustainable Agriculture

Safira Candra Jalaweni — 2025-12-30

The production of certified extension rice seed is essential for ensuring the availability of superior and adaptive varieties, yet its sustainability faces cross-dimensional pressures. This study aims to assess the sustainability status of the extension seed production system in West Lombok Regency. Data were collected from rice seed producers using the Slovin formula and verified through cross-checking for accuracy and consistency. The sustainability status was analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) based on the RAPHYTON approach. Model validity was confirmed via Monte Carlo simulation, low stress (<0.11), and high R-squared (>0.98). The results indicate a multidimensional sustainability index of 68.47, categorized as moderately sustainable, with social and technological dimensions scoring highest, and economic and ecological dimensions lowest. The study highlights the fragile transitional phase of the extension seed system and recommends policy strategies focusing on market diversification, strengthening seed growers’ capacity, certification reforms, and digital marketing adoption to enhance resilience, inclusiveness, and adaptability.

Biopolitics in The Implementation of AI SatuSehat as a Tool of Health

Kokoh Prio Utomo — 2025-12-30

This study critically examines Indonesia's SatuSehat digital health platform through Michel Foucault's biopower lens, analyzing how Human-Centered AI reshapes relations of power (as state control through digital surveillance and normalization), trust (as public confidence in data security and ethical use), and justice in service distribution (as equitable access requiring inclusive design and infrastructure) in public administration. Using a qualitative case study methodology, it employs Actor-Network Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis to deconstruct official narratives, map stakeholder networks, and analyze application features as techniques of algorithmic biopower. The research reveals a stark contrast between the government's efficiency narrative and on-ground realities of infrastructure gaps, eroded public trust due to data breaches, and risks of digital exclusion. It concludes that SatuSehat functions as a political instrument extending state surveillance and normalization, necessitating robust data protection, transparency, and inclusive governance to prevent deepened social inequalities.

Study of Policy Coherence in Coastal Community Development Based on Local Wisdom in Coastal Urban Area

Tjitjik Rahaju — 2025-12-30

Policy plays a vital role in addressing the complex economic, social, and environmental challenges faced by coastal communities. This study examines the degree of coherence among coastal community development policies in Surabaya City, focusing on alignment between cross-sectoral policies and local wisdom–based community empowerment programs in the eastern coastal area. Community empowerment is assessed through policy implementation actors, program managerial aspects, and program targets, using parameters such as increased access and market share, expanded access to capital, and improved capacity to manage capital through cooperatives. Methodologically, the study applies MACTOR to analyze actor dynamics and spatial analysis to map the distribution and proximity of empowerment programs. Findings indicate that existing policies show limited coherence, especially in cross-sectoral integration and program synergy. Although community groups serve as key drivers, institutional fragmentation constrains policy effectiveness. Stronger policy alignment and multi-actor coordination are therefore essential to improve coastal community welfare and sustainability.

Sustainability Assessment of Stunting Management through Multidimensional Scaling

Kasyful Fahmi — 2025-12-30

Stunting remains a major challenge in Indonesia, requiring assessments that extend beyond prevalence to sustainability. This study evaluates the sustainability of stunting prevention in Batu Rakit Village, North Lombok, using RAPFISH-MDS across five dimensions: economy, ecology, health, social, and governance. Data from 68 households with stunted children were analyzed using validated attributes drawn from policy frameworks and literature. Findings reveal disparities: governance was highly sustainable (81.75%), social (60.28%), and health (56.57%) were moderately sustainable, while ecological (41.16%) and economic (28.86%) remained less sustainable. Key leverage factors included access to social assistance, sanitation, maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding, and cross-sector coordination. The findings underscore that sustainable stunting management depends on synergizing governance and social participation to address economic-ecological vulnerabilities, coupled with the integration of health and social interventions. The Batu Rakit experience offers a relevant model for sustainable stunting reduction in rural Indonesia.

Farmer’s Perceptions of the Upland Garlic Program in East Lombok Regency Through Sustainable Cultivation Practice

Channy Rosalia Gemala Hati Nainggolan — 2025-12-30

East Lombok Regency is the second largest garlic center in Indonesia, receiving special attention from the government to increase farmer productivity and income through the Upland Garlic program, which has been running for 5 years. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of farmer satisfaction with the performance of the Upland Garlic program in East Lombok Regency. This research was conducted from April to June 2025 by distributing 68 questionnaires consisting of 34 question indicators and 4 dimensions (Input, Process, Output, and Outcome) to randomly selected farmer group leaders. The data was then analyzed using Service Quality (SERVQUAL) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The analysis of the 34 indicators showed that 19 indicators had a negative gap value, meaning that the program's performance did not meet farmer’s expectations, while 15 indicators had a positive gap value, meaning that the program's performance met farmer’s expectations. Overall, farmers were very satisfied with the Upland Garlic program, with a CSI value of 79.66%.

From Data to Policy: Integrating Spatial Clustering and Digital Sentiment Analysis for Urban Tourism Planning

Brilliana Fakhriha Rojabi — 2025-12-30

This study aims to identify spatial patterns of artificial tourist attractions and extract key visitor concerns to support urban tourism planning. To achieve this objective, spatial clustering and sentiment analysis were applied sequentially as complementary analytical approaches. The DBSCAN algorithm was used to group 62 artificial tourist attractions into five spatially coherent clusters based on geographic proximity. In parallel, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques were employed to analyze 2,800 online visitor reviews and classify dominant sentiment themes. The results reveal distinct spatial structures of attractions and recurring negative issues related to pricing transparency, parking availability, food quality, accessibility, and facility conditions. Using Batu City, Indonesia, as a case study, this research demonstrates how integrating geospatial analysis with user-generated content can transform informal digital feedback into policy-relevant insights. The proposed framework offers a practical, data-driven approach for informing tourism governance and planning decisions in emerging urban tourism destinations.

Rate of Land Use Conversion to Mining and Implications for Carbon Stocks

Amelya Nur Allisa — 2025-12-30

Global warming, driven by escalating atmospheric carbon dioxide CO₂ concentrations, represents a critical threat to global climate stability and exacerbates extreme weather events. Indonesia, particularly East Kalimantan and its capital, Samarinda City, serves as a significant contributor to these emissions due to intensive land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC), primarily characterized by deforestation and the rapid expansion of coal mining. The primary objective of this study is to explicitly quantify the rate of land-use conversion and evaluate its direct implications for terrestrial carbon stocks in Samarinda City over a decadal period from 2014 to 2024. To achieve this, the research utilizes high-resolution Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery processed through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Google Earth Engine for temporal change detection. Carbon stocks were quantified using the ICLEI carbon calculator by integrating spatial transition data with biomass-based carbon indices. Key findings reveal a substantial decline in the city's total carbon stock, falling from 1,630,212.52 tons in 2014 to 1,442,812.07 tons in 2024. This depletion is fundamentally linked to a 65.22% expansion of mining areas. The results underscore the urgent need for integrating strategic zoning within the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and adopting advanced carbon mineralization technologies to mitigate further carbon stock loss.

From Campaigns to Systems: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Indonesia’s One Village, One ECE

Cep Kiki Kusumah — 2025-12-30

Early childhood education (ECE) is a critical foundation for human capital development. This study evaluates Indonesia’s 2022 “One Village, One ECE” campaign, which aims to expand access to early childhood education. Using pooled cross-sectional, fixed-effects, and random-effects models on district-level data (2019-2024), we assess the policy's impact on gross enrollment rates (GER) for children aged 3–6 as a part of the proxy indicator SDG 4.2 (ECE) and a key foundation for achieving SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Findings indicate that local campaign commitment alone does not significantly increase enrollment. Instead, enrollment gains are driven by strategic factors: infrastructure expansion, local ECE budgets, and the Family Hope Program (PKH). We conclude that political commitment must be complemented by systemic implementation to achieve universal ECE access, so that a finding reflected in Indonesia’s relevant policy shift toward 13 years of compulsory education (1 year pre-primary and 12 years primary and secondary education).

Unraveling Policy Overlaps in Indonesia’s National Development Planning System

Muhammad Arsad — 2025-12-30

Indonesia's development governance faces persistent structural challenges: policy overlaps that undermine coherence in planning, performance management, and budgeting. This commentary adopts a systems level perspective to examine how fragmented mandates and institutional silos collectively shape governance complexity, directly affecting development outcomes at the subnational level while drawing lessons from international reform experiences.

Indonesia's development planning architecture consists of the National Development Planning System (SPPN), the Government Performance Accountability System (SAKIP), and performance-based budgeting mechanisms. While established to enhance governance quality, public administration scholarship demonstrates that proliferating policy tools and institutional actors increase policy incoherence and institutional fragmentation (Peters, 2015). Indonesia's planning and performance systems evolve within separate institutional logics, creating what Moynihan (2008) conceptualizes as decoupled performance systems where planning, performance measurement, and budgeting remain insufficiently integrated. This fragmentation is reinforced by goal ambiguity (Rainey, 2009), as SPPN prioritizes development targets while SAKIP emphasizes organizational accountability. Fragmented approaches among key government bodies weaken interministerial coordination and exacerbate policy inconsistencies (O'Leary & Bingham, 2009). with this silo mentality being particularly evident in the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry for Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform, and the Ministry of Finance.

Digital Sustainability: Leveraging Digital Technology to Combat Climate Change

Thabed Tholib Baladraf — 2025-12-30

Digital Sustainability: Leveraging Digital Technology to Combat Climate Change by Theo Lynn, Pierangelo Rosati, David Kreps, and Kieran Conboy is a collective work that positions itself at the crucial intersection between digital transformation and environmental sustainability. Published as part of the Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies series, this book reflects the growing academic and practical recognition that digital technologies play a dual role in contemporary society. On the one hand, they are frequently criticized for contributing to environmental degradation by escalating energy consumption, electronic waste, and the extraction of rare earth minerals. However, the same technologies also possess remarkable transformative potential to mitigate climate change, accelerate the achievement of sustainable development goals, and support the transition toward greener economic systems.